Answer the following questions:
Define the following groups of terms:
Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention
Prepathogenesis and pathogenesis
How does screening for disease align with the three levels of prevention – primary, secondary and tertiary?
Define the following terms that are related to screening tests:
Reliability and validity
Sensitivity and Specificity
Predictive value (+) and predictive value (-)
What are the most appropriate applications of mass screening and selective screening? Give one example each of a mass screening test and a selective screening test.
How could screening performed in conjunction with disease surveillance contribute to the alleviation of work-related hazardous exposures?
What is meant by overdiagnosis?
Conduct a web search for “whole body scans”. They are CT scans of the entire body and are promoted as a method for early detection of abnormalities. Using your own ideas, construct a list of the advantages and disadvantages of whole body scans and reach a conclusion. To what extent are whole body scans related to the issue of overdiagnosis?
Why is newborn screening important for public health practice? Give examples of programs for newborn screening.
What is a method used for developmental screening? At what ages is developmental screening most relevant?
Calculate the specificity, sensitivity, predictive value (+), and predictive value (-) using the following data:
Disease Present Disease Absent
Screening Test (+) 59 12
Screening Test (-) 18 189
11. Describe methods of screening for each of the following conditions:
Breast cancer
Colon cancer
Type 2 Diabetes
Elevated lipid levels
Hypertension
HIV
Genetic screening (BRCA gene)
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