by admin | Mar 27, 2022 | Philosophy : Philosophy
Argument reconstruction assignment. In one to two paragraphs (no more than a page total), please address one of the following two prompts. The focus of this assignment is to explain an argument in your own words.
1. What is the main argument that Frege advances in this passage? In particular what is his conclusion, and the main reasons he gives for it, in your own words? Please be sure to say, in your own words, what Frege means by “thought” and “idea”. Don’t worry about quoting the passage. Just try to say, in plain language, what the main claim concerns and the reasons given for it.
“If the thought I express in the Pythagorean theorem can be recognized by others just as much as by me then it does not belong to the content of my consciousness [i.e., is not an idea], I am not its bearer; yet I can, nevertheless, recognize it to be true. However, if it is not the same thought at all which is taken to be the content of the Pythagorean theorem by me and by another person, one should not really say “the Pythagorean theorem” but ” my Pythagorean theorem “, ” his Pythagorean theorem ” and these would be different; for the sense belongs necessarily to the sentence. Then my thought can be the content of my consciousness and his thought the content of his. Could the sense of my Pythagorean theorem be true while that of his was false? I said that the word “red” was applicable only in the sphere of my consciousness if it did not state a property of things but was supposed to characterize one of my sense-impressions. Therefore the words “true” and “false”, as I understand them, could also be applicable only in the sphere of my consciousness, if they. were not supposed to be concerned with something of which I was not the bearer, but were somehow appointed to characterize the content of my consciousness. Then truth would be restricted to the content of my consciousness and it would remain doubtful whether anything at all comparable occurred in the consciousness of others. If every thought requires a bearer, to the contents of whose consciousness it belongs, then it would be a thought of this bearer only and there would be no science common to many, on which many could work. But I, perhaps, have my science, namely, a whole of thought whose bearer I am and another person has his. Each of us occupies himself with the contents of his own consciousness. No contradiction between the two sciences would then be possible and it would really be idle to dispute about truth, as idle, indeed almost ludicrous, as it would be for two people to dispute whether a hundred-mark note were genuine, where each meant the one he himself had in his pocket and understood the word ” genuine ” in his own particular sense. If someone takes thoughts to be ideas, what he then recognizes to be true is, on his own view, the content of his consciousness and does not properly concern other people at all. If he were to hear from me the opinion that a thought is not an idea he could not dispute it, for, indeed, it would not now concern him. So the result seems to be: thoughts are neither things of the outer world nor ideas.” (The Thought, 301-2)
2. Take the sentence “everything green is extended” [suppose: extended=takes up space]. In “Two Dogmas”, Quine suggests the sentence is analytic. But what makes any sentence analytic? He considers several candidate answers, and rejects each, as objectionably circular (or else arbitrary). Start with one of his candidate accounts of analyticity. Briefly state it. Then briefly explain why appealing to it fails to satisfactorily explain why the sentence is analytic. Do this for three more candidate accounts of analyticity. Be sure to explain the alleged difference between an analytic statement and a synthetic one, as well as explaining any other technical vocabulary you use (e.g., “circular”, “intension,” “extension”)
by admin | Mar 27, 2022 | Philosophy : Philosophy
Read ch. 9, What Do We Owe One Another: Dilemmas of Loyalty and Watch Sandel’s Episode 11. Answer ONE of the following in your short essay.
What are the duties of loyalty, or to be loyal? Can these duties conflict with other duties? With themselves? If so, when they conflict, what should a person do?
Do you see any weaknesses to an ethical theory that considers loyalty to be a virtue? Explain. Would you consider other virtues to be more important? And does this lead to criticisms of virtue theory generally, say in favor of Kant’s deontological ethical theory or Mill’s utilitarianism?
(This one might be even harder: bonus for trying!) What connections can you discern between a concern for the common good, (Sandel’s / Aristotle’s) communitarianism, and ethics of solidarity and loyalty? Explain how all these are conceptually related or connected.
GO TO: (http://www.justiceharvard.org/watch/)
AND WATCH : Episode 11 Community and Loyalty (see ch. 9)
Part 1 – THE CLAIMS OF COMMUNITY
Communitarians argue that, in addition to voluntary and universal duties, we also have obligations of membership, solidarity, and loyalty. These obligations are not necessarily based on consent. We inherit our past, and our identities, from our family, city, or country. But what happens if our obligations to our family or community come into conflict with our universal obligations to humanity?
Part 2 – WHERE OUR LOYALTY LIES
Do we owe more to our fellow citizens that to citizens of other countries? Is patriotism a virtue, or a prejudice for one’s own kind? If our identities are defined by the particular communities we inhabit, what becomes of universal human rights?
by admin | Mar 27, 2022 | Philosophy : Philosophy
Four options are available: PICK ONE ONLY
Compare and contrast Stoicism with another competing philosophy such as Buddhism or Epicureanism.
Compare and contrast one Stoic philosopher covered in this class with another seminal philosopher such as Socrates.
Examine the influence of Stoicism on at least one contemporary thinker in either psychology or philosophy.
Examine the roots of Stoicism in Plato and/or Aristotle
There are many ways to construct this paper. Your goal is to do so in a way that all grading criteria along with the paper guidelines are met. In general, you should focus on several fundamental ideas rather than an exhaustive analysis. That is, aim for depth rather than breadth. For example, if you chose 1, you should focus on a couple fundamental points of agreement and disagreement rather than trying to cover them all.
Paper Guidelines:
Your paper should have an original title.
Your paper must be typed with a 12-point font and double-spaced. Papers that typically earn an A for this assignment are around 2500 words or 10-12 pages. While there are no page limits per se, your goal is to fully meet the stated grading criteria, and some people can do so in 10 pages while others may need 13 or more.
Your file must be uploaded as a .doc, .docx or .pdf file.
Proper citation methods, including a bibliography, based on an academically accepted citation methodology such as Chicago, APA or MLA is expected. It is important to follow your chosen methodology carefully. For example, make sure to cite all sources in the bibliography and use quotation marks to demarcate direct quotes in order to avoid issues involving academic dishonesty. If you are unfamiliar with standard citation methods, please contact the ASU Writing Center under “Accessibility.” This is important because all papers will be vetted with originality software, and the academic integrity policy, as stated in the syllabus, applies to all submitted work in this class.
Although using outside research and textual support is expected, do not rely excessively on the use of direct quotes. If material is not in your words, you may not receive credit for it.
Proofread your paper, and do not put full trust in the spell check function. I strongly recommend having it professionally edited by a writing tutor, or at minimum, reading it out loud and then editing it yourself. Remember complimentary writing assistance is offered to all ASU students.
Organize your paper well, and use subtitles to designate the different sections.
Submit paper by the due date stated in the Course Calendar. Late papers will be accepted up to 3 days, but like the quizzes, late papers are automatically subject to a 15% penalty per day late.
Grading Rubric:
Clear thesis statement that connects explicitly to one of the given options
4 points
Discussion explains and critiques the views of another philosopher, contemporary thinker, or school of thought in addition to that of the Stoics
12
Development of an argument that defends the thesis; the argument is supported with good reasons and textual evidence; the argument avoids informal fallacies and other errors in reasoning.
14 points
Paper draws from the relevant assigned course content and from outside research to support the author’s positions. At least two quality outside sources such as journal articles and two primary readings are used in addition to the textbook.
8
points
Proper spelling, grammar, organization (use of subtitles/sections), and citation methods
7 points
Total possible
45 points
by admin | Mar 27, 2022 | Philosophy : Philosophy
Read the pdf reading as well as the zip(textbook) reading (authenticity 7 starts from photo 75). Then answer the questions below
On Being Authentic reading
1. In “The Culture of Authenticity ” section, how is authenticity is first defined/explained?
2. In “The Culture of Authenticity ” section, what kind of social programs have taken up
ideas central to the authenticity movement? Can you think of famous authors of books
that fit this framework?
3. In “The Culture of Authenticity ” section, how is the ‘premodern’ vs ‘modern’ worldview
explained? Do you agree with this explanation?
4. How does the rise of modernity tie into the rise of the authenticity movement? What does
having a sense of ‘oneness’ or ‘wholeness’ have to do with this?
5. If we take the concept of authenticity seriously, according to the reading, there is an
inevitable association between authenticity and what kind of existence? Do you agree
with this?
6. What, for you, remains unanswered about authenticity after this reading?
Textbook reading
7. In the textbook, how are Socrates’s actions viewed in relation to
authenticity/inauthenticity?
8. What movie is used to illustrate the points in the chapter?
9. In the textbook, (the possibility of) death is seen as a catalyst for the individual to seek
out authentic ways of being. The author then turns to which philosopher for testing
authentic action? Can you think of a practical example of how one might apply this?
10. In the textbook, who does the author turn to as a solution for the problem of the
‘authentic tyrant’?
by admin | Mar 27, 2022 | Philosophy : Philosophy
Stockholm syndrome is the name used for the bond that sometimes exists between a captive and captor—in today’s terms, often between a terrorist and a hostage.
Years ago, newspaper heiress Patty Hearst was captured by terrorists. Read up on Patty Hearst to read more about the situation.
Read up a bit on Stockholm syndrome and give me your honest opinion. When cases like Patty Hearst’s happen, do captives, like Hearst, do what they do of their own free will? Are they forced to do so? .
by admin | Mar 27, 2022 | Philosophy : Philosophy
Direct articulation of the concepts falls off and much the work is operating on an implicit level. Draw out the concepts as you go, show how Plato is building his definitions.
Needs a clear, well-developed thesis to help guide your understanding of the concepts. Mention the concepts up front and show how Plato develops his ideas as you analyze the dialogue
You seem to remain on the surface of the lecture notes and outlines. I would like to see a deeper understanding of the dialogues as a whole.
I would like to see more direct analytic work on the concepts; lay out the concepts, show how Plato is adding layers to his definitions
