by | Aug 1, 2022 | Biology
Paragraph 1:
Describe how the human relationship to nature will be different from what it is at present.
Examine how humans will cope differently with the ways that natural phenomena like hurricanes affect lives.
Paragraph 2:
Describe what Earth’s biodiversity and ecosystems will look like in a sustainable future.
Explain what humans have done differently to enable biodiversity and ecosystems to function sustainably.
Paragraph 3:
Examine how agricultural production will be different in a sustainable future.
Paragraph 4:
Differentiate between how humans will manage water resources (fresh water and ocean) in the sustainable future compared to how it is done now.
Paragraph 5
Examine how humans will meet their energy needs in the future in a way that will enable maintenance of a sustainable, habitable atmosphere and climate.
Indicate the changes that humans have made that are enabling them to maintain a healthy atmosphere and climate for all.
Paragraph 6:
Describe how waste management will be different in a sustainable future.
Indicate the changes have been made to how humans think about and treat what is currently called “waste.”
Paragraph 7:
Summarize some of the major social, economic, political, and ecological choices and tradeoffs that will need to be overcome for this sustainable future to arrive. What are some of the major issues and challenges humans will have to face in order to achieve sustainability on a global scale?
The Journey to Sustainability final paper
Must be seven paragraphs in length (700 to 1400 words) (not including title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA Style as outlined in the University of Arizona Global Campus Writing Center’s
by | Aug 1, 2022 | Biology
Essay Topic: List the different modes of pollination and describe each. Include in your description the means by which plants have evolved to efficiently distribute their pollen.
In an essay of no less than 150 words and no more than 250 words, list the different modes of pollination and describe each. Include in your description the means by which plants have evolved to efficiently distribute their pollen. To maximize your points, be sure to:
Include an introductory paragraph
Keep the body of your essay between 150 -250 words
Use appropriate grammar/spelling/punctuation
Cite your source(s) and paraphrase correctly – plagiarism is not allowed
Submit your essay on time
by | Jul 31, 2022 | Biology
Instructions Write a 3–4 page paper in which you: Develop an idea for a prospective small business and select a name for the company. Identify its key competitors and summarize the strengths and weaknesses of one of the competitors. Prepare a mission statement that encompasses the purpose of the business and considers its target market. Identify the ownership form for this business, taking into consideration tax implications, liability exposure, managerial ability, and cost of formation. Include at least two references outside the textbook.
by | Jul 31, 2022 | Biology
In the late 18th century, Philadelphia was one of the larger and wealthier cities in the United States and served as the capital. That changed in 1793. The city had an unusually wet spring, which left behind stagnant pools that became breeding grounds for mosquitoes. At about the same time, refugees from the slave revolution in Haiti fled to Philadelphia, carrying the yellow fever virus. In late August 1793, a female Aedes aegypti mosquito bit an infected refugee and then bit a healthy Philadelphian. This began a yellow fever epidemic that killed 10% of the city’s population within three months and led another 30% to flee for their lives. Victims suffered from high fever, nausea, skin eruptions, black vomit, and jaundice. The treatment for yellow fever in the 18th century was often worse than the disease: physicians administered potions to purge the victims’ intestines and drained up to four-fifths of their patients’ blood in the mistaken belief the bloodletting would stem fever. These attempted remedies often left patients tired, weak, and unable to fight the virus. Without effective treatments, the epidemic stopped only when the first frost arrived. 1. People who left the city seemed to have milder cases of yellow fever or avoided the infection altogether. Explain why. 2. The story mentions that the coming of the first frost brought an end to the epidemic. Discuss the possible reasons why this would provide at least temporary relief from the epidemic. Part One: Smallpox: The Dilemma Smallpox is likely the worst infectious disease of all time, killing an estimated 300 million people in the 19th century alone. It is a terrifying killer, with a death rate as high as 33% and the survivors carrying lifelong scars. British medical doctor, Edward Jenner, is credited with inventing smallpox vaccination— the world’s first immunization. On May 14, 1796, Jenner rubbed secretions from a cowpox sore on the hand of a milkmaid into scratches he made on an 8 yr old boy. Then about a month later, he injected the boy with secretion from a lesion on a smallpox patient. The child did not get smallpox; he was immune. Jenner termed his technique vaccination, which comes from the Latin term for cow, vacca. Medical doctors began vaccinating people with special two-pronged needles and eventually smallpox was eradicated worldwide. The last case was October 26, 1977. Eradication represents one of the great triumphs of modern medicine, but smallpox virus itself still exists. Stocks are kept frozen in secure laboratories at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia and in the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Koltsovo, Russia. Part Two: Virus, Disease, and Transmission To make complex decisions such as this, you need accurate background information from multiple fields, including biological areas, such as virology and epidemiology, and from other ethical, legal, and economic. With scientists, these other important areas are sometimes called ELSI, which stands for ethical, legal, and social implications. In order to make an informed decision, you need an understanding of the virus itself and the disease it causes in humans. Variola major is the smallpox virus, and it is in the family Poxviridae, the poxviruses. Poxviruses are more complex than other viruses that infect humans and are surrounded by an unusual double envelope. Smallpox virus has 187 genes and is 300-400 nm in diameter. In contrast, influenzavirus has 10 genes and are 80-120 nm in diameter. Why are poxviruses so large and complex? One reason is that poxviruses replicate in the cytoplasm, unlike other DNA viruses, which replicate in the nucleus. Therefore, poxviruses must carry their own enzymes for DNA replication and RNA transcription, processes that occur in the nucleus of human cells. During the 12-14 day incubation period of smallpox, patients are not contagious and have few symptoms (see Disease at a Glance 19.4, chapter 19, page 571). Smallpox viruses travel through the air in droplets and enter the body through the respiratory mucous membrane. The viruses travel to lymph nodes where they replicate. New viruses spread via the blood to the spleen, liver, bone marrow, and just under the skin. The victim has fever, body aches, and fatigue for 2-4 days and becomes contagious. A rash of red spots spreads across the body, and then these spots progress to raised fluid-filled bumps, the hallmark of smallpox (see figure 19.9, page 571). The bumps progress to pustules (pocks or pox) during the next two weeks, and patients are even more contagious during this time. Sometimes the pocks appear in the eyes as well, resulting in blindness. If the patient lives, the pustules become scabs that often leave permanent scars. There is no treatment. Viral transmission occurs during extended personal interactions via aerosols and less frequently via inanimate objects, such as blankets, contaminated with bodily fluids. Smallpox has an R0 value of 5-7, meaning one patient typically infects 5-7 other people. In the past, outbreaks in towns often resulted in 10% or more of the population dying, so the disease was highly feared. 1. Why is smallpox virus so dangerous and what would it take to eliminate a virus like this? 1. Should governments and laboratories keep the viruses, or, should they be destroyed? In other words, should we intentionally make a species extinct forever? 2. What facts do you need to make an informed decision? 3. If the decision were to be made today, how would you vote?
by | Jul 31, 2022 | Biology
For your initial post: Look over the responses your peers have posted before you choose your objective. Then, choose one of the objectives for Exam 1 listed below that has not already been addressed by any of the other posts. If all objectives have been addressed, choose one and expand on what someone else said, discussing things from another perspective, or parts they did not cover. You may find it helpful to do a quick initial post that “reserves your topic,” then write the post up as a reply to your initial post, that way, you do not lose points for repeated topics. Start a new discussion thread (do not reply to someone else for your initial post). Start your post with a sentence describing the objective you will be covering – Even if you are doing a video, infographic or other post type, your post should start with text that clearly states the objective you are covering in the first line of your post (I will be covering Week 1 objective 1….). Find a current article, published within the last year, that relates to real world applications of the objective that you are covering, and include an APA formatted citation for the article. Provide a summary of what you have learned about the objective from the article and how the course objective relates to the real world topic. End your post with a question or two about something(s) you did not understand and would like a classmate to help you with. This will help the discussion follow up process. Format for discussion: 1. Typed Objective you are Covering 2. 200 WORDS FOR THE POST 2. APA citation for the article 3. Summary relating objective to a real-world topic 4. Review question ****TOPIC I PICKED IS: List and define the 7 defining characteristics of life
by | Jul 31, 2022 | Biology
Q1. Where have you noticed gene expression lately in the media? What are recent advancements? Have you had any personal experience with this technology? Q2. Caffeine is an inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. How would drinking several cups of coffee affect muscle function? How might it affect lipid metabolism? Q3. In the past several years, news coverage has focused on several high-profile disease outbreaks involving pathogens against which much of the population has been vaccinated. Discuss how those who are NOT vaccinated may be potentially putting those who ARE vaccinated at risk of developing disease. In your discussion, include a description of community immunity, how vaccinations protect us from disease, and some of the shortfalls of vaccines. Q4. With respect to neurotransmission for this week, this may be our most controversial discussion, thus, most likely our best. It is possible that it will ‘hit home’ for some, so please be considerate of your initial post and responses. I am sure that many of you have Facebook, just as I. Recently, there has been a post coming along my feed about drug and alcohol addiction not being a disease. Please share your thoughts, but back this up with legitimate and viable research. You may also include personal experience.
